From Scanners, cameras, other imaging devices, printers, and Bluetooth devices, drivers for those drivers need to be installed. After all, if a computer came with every single driver for every device you may or may not own, it would consume more space on your hard drive. So, drivers are downloaded, based on the accessory or device to be used on the computer.
A driver basically gives your computer instructions on how to make the gears turn, ink cartridge colors mix, the characters print, and how to copy the images from the scanning lens. It is the mapping of everything mechanical, and how to mix different functions of the device. Since every device is different, a driver is needed for that different accessory, make and model, and type of device you are going to plug into the computer.
That is the simplest definition I can give, without straying too far from the many reasons to go ahead and install the drivers your computer is asking you to download.
Hope this helps